The instruments for data collection were developed and self structured by the researcher. It is tagged ‗Reproductive Health Behaviour Scale and ―Reproductive Health Behaviour Determinants Scale‘. Section A of the instruments focused on the respondents‘
biodata such as age, religion, income per month, educational attainment, age at marriage and so on. The validity and reliability of each of the questionnaire were determined separately.
The instruments were complemented with the use of the qualitative methods- In-depth Interview (IDI) and Focus group Discussion (FGD) - which helped to strengthen the research findings.
Reproductive Health Behaviour Scale
This instrument was developed by the researcher to collect information on reproductive health behaviour of women; on family size, timing and spacing of children, number of children and use of contraceptives to prevent unwanted/unplanned pregnancies and safe sex relations. It was made up of a section of 18 items drawn on closed ended questions respectively.
The validity of the instrument was ascertained through face and content validity by experts in the fields of Community Development and Social Welfare and Nursing in the University of Ibadan, Ibadan. The corrections, criticisms and opinions of these experts were carefully studied and incorporated into the final draft copy before subjecting it to pilot study.
The reliability of the instrument was determined through test, re-test method within an
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interval of two weeks among 20 respondents in a state university that was not part of the study. The result of Cronbach Coefficient of alpha value of 0.81 was obtained, indicating high accuracy of the instrument
Reproductive health behaviour determinants scale
This instrument was also developed by the researcher. It had seven sub-scales i) Age at Marriage and Women Reproductive Health Behaviour Scale ii) Socio -Economic status and Women Health Reproductive Behaviour iii) Educational Attainment and Women Reproductive Health Behaviour Scale iv) Cultural / Religious Beliefs and Women Reproductive Health Behaviour Scale v) Mass- media exposure and Women Reproductive Health Behaviour Scale vi) Gender -Role and Women Reproductive Health behaviour Scale
vii) Peer Influence and Women Reproductive Health Behaviour Scale
Age at Marriage and Women Reproductive Health Behaviour Scale
This scale found in section C, was developed by the researcher to collect information on the influence of age at marriage of female academic and non-academic staff on reproductive health behaviour. It had one section of 6 items drawn on a modified four-point rating scale. Responses for all questions ranged from strongly agree (SA), agree (A), disagree (D) to strongly disagree (SD)
The validity of the instrument was ascertained through face and content validity of experts in the fields of Community Development / Social Welfare and Nursing, in the University of Ibadan. The reliability of the instrument was determined through the test, re-test method within an interval of two weeks among 20 respondents in a state university that were not part of the study. The alpha coefficient for the scale was 0.79.
Socio -economic Status and Women Health Reproductive Behaviour
This scale, in Section D, was developed by the researcher to collect information on the influence of socioeconomic status on reproductive health behaviour. It was made up of one section of 11 items drawn on a modified four-point rating scale of Strongly agree (SA),
89 Agree (A), Disagree (D) and Strongly disagree (SD).
The validity of the instrument was ascertained through face and content validity of the experts in the fields of Community Development / Social Welfare and Nursing in the University of Ibadan. The reliability of the instrument was determined through the test, re-test method within an interval of two weeks among 20 respondents in a state university who were not part of the study. The result of Cronbach Coefficient of alpha value showed 0.79.
Educational attainment and women reproductive health behaviour scale
This scale in section E, was developed by the researcher to collect information on the influence of educational attainment of female academic and non-academic on reproductive health behaviour. It was made up of one section of 7 items drawn on a modified four-point rating scale. Responses varied from Strongly agree (SA), agree (A), and disagree (D) to strongly disagree (SD)
The validity of the instrument was ascertained through face and content validity of experts in the fields of Community Development / Social Welfare and Nursing in the University of Ibadan, Ibadan. The reliability of the instrument was determined through the test, re-test method within an interval of two weeks among 20 respondents in a state university that were not be part of the study. The result of Cronbach Coefficient of alpha value showed 0.75.
Cultural /religious beliefs and women reproductive health behaviour scale
This scale in Section F, was also developed to collect information on the influence of cultural background/religious belief on reproductive health behaviour. It was made up of one section. The scale consisted of 17 items on a modified four-point rating scale of Strongly agree (SA), Agree (A), Disagree (D) and Strongly disagree (SD)
The corrections, opinions and modification of experts served as the method of achieving the face and content validity of the instrument. The reliability of the instrument was determined through the test, re-test method within an interval of two weeks among 20 respondents in a state university that were not part of the study. The result of Cronbach Coefficient of alpha value showed 0.83
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Mass- media exposure and women reproductive health behaviour scale
This instrument in Section G, focused on mass media exposure on reproductive health behaviour. It consisted of 14 items of positive statements measuring mass media exposure on reproductive health behaviour, mass media exposure on the knowledge of contraceptive use and ovulatory cycle. It contained a modified four-points Likert scale of Strongly Agree (SA), Agree(A), Disagree (D), and Strongly Disagree (SD) which carried the weights of 4,3,2,1, respectively.
The face and content validity of experts in the fields of Community Development/
Social Welfare and Nursing in the University of Ibadan, Ibadan helped in reworking this scale. The reliability of the instrument was determined through the test, re-test method within an interval of two weeks among 20 respondents in a state university who were not part of the study. The result of Cronbach Coefficient of alpha value showed 0.75.
Gender- role and women reproductive health behaviour scale
This instrument found in section H, was developed by the researcher, made up of one section of 9 items that explored information on the influence of gender roles on reproductive health behaviour. The questionnaire used a four-point scale ranging from Strongly agree (SA ) to Strongly disagree (SD) with highest scores ranging from 4 to the least 1.
The validity of the instrument was ascertained through face and content validity of experts in the fields of Community Development/ Social Welfare and Nursing in the University of Ibadan, and Ibadan. The reliability of the instrument was determined through the test, re-test method within an interval of two weeks among 20 respondents in a state university that were not part of the study; the result of Cronbach Coefficient of alpha value showed 0.79
Peer influence and women reproductive health behaviour scale
This scale, in section I, was developed by the researcher to collect information on the influence of female academic and non-academic peers on reproductive health behaviour. It was made up of one section of 10 items drawn on a modified four-point rating scale of
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strongly agree (SA), agree (A), disagree (D) and strongly disagree (SD).
The validity was obtained through examination by some experts to establish the content validity of the instrument. The experts consisted of scholars in the fields of Community Development and Social Welfare and Nursing in University of Ibadan, Ibadan.
They included the researcher‘s supervisor and other members from the university. The reliability of the instrument was determined through the test, re-test method within an interval of two weeks among 20 respondents in a state university who were not part of the study. The result of Cronbach Coefficient of alpha value showed 0.71.
Barriers to effective reproductive knowledge and behaviour scale
This scale, in section J, was developed by the researcher to collect information on barriers to effective reproductive knowledge and behaviour. It was made up of one section of 8 items drawn on a modified four-point rating scale of strongly agree (SA), agree (A), disagree (D) and strongly disagree (SD). The validity was obtained through examination by some experts to establish the content validity of the instrument. The experts consisted of scholars in the fields of Community Development / Social Welfare and Nursing in the University of Ibadan, Ibadan. They included the researcher‘s supervisor and other members from the university. The reliability of the instrument was determined through the test, re-test method within an interval of two weeks among 20 respondents in a state university that were not part of the study. The result of Cronbach Coefficient of alpha value showed 0.69.
b) Qualitative Instrument
The study also utilized qualitative method of the In-Depth Interviews (IDIs) and Focus Group Discussion (FGD), to elicit information from respondents in the thirteen tertiary institutions used for the study.
3.4.1 In-depth interviews (IDIs)
A total of twenty-six ( 26) respondents as shown in the table below, participated in the IDI.
The IDI was made up of seven questions and was conducted in the various tertiary
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institutions after the questionnaire had been administered. The interview date was scheduled about ten days in advance. Before starting each IDI session, the study was explained to the participants. After confirming the willingness of the particpant to take part, the IDI process started. Selection of the location for the IDI was based on privacy, quietness, and adequate lighting. Each session lasted between 45 and 120 minutes. All discussions were tape-recorded; the researcher also took notes. The in-depth interview also enabled the researcher to get the varied views. This helped the researcher to find out their real-life experiences as regards their reproductive health behaviour.
Table 3.2: Schedule of IDI Sessions Conducted for the Study
Tertiary institutions Number of Participants No of sessions
Date conducted
University of Ibadan, Ibadan 2 (1 academic and 1 Non-academic)
2 December 11, 2012
University of Lagos, Lagos 2 (1 academic and 1 Non-academic)
2 January 16,2013
Obafemi Awolowo University Ile Ife
2 (1 academic and 1 Non-academic)
2 February 27,2013
Federal University of Technology Akure
2 (1 academic and 1 Non-academic)
2 March 13,2013
Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta
2 (1 academic and 1 Non-academic)
2 February 11,2013
Yaba College of Technology, Lagos
2 ( 1 academic and 1 Non-academic)
2 June 6,2013
Federal Polytechnic, Ede, Osun State
2 ( 1 academic and 1 Non-academic)
2 July 23,2013 Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro
Ogun State
2 ( 1 academic and 1 Non-academic)
2 August,14,2013
Federal Polytechnic, Ado 2 ( 1 academic and 1 Non- 2 September 11,2013
93 Ekiti, Ekiti State academic) Federal College of Education
(Sp) Oyo,
2 ( 1 academic and 1 Non-academic)
2 December18,2012
Federal College of Education Akoka, Lagos
2 ( 1 academic and 1 Non-academic)
2 January 17,2013
Federal College of Education Osiele Abeokuta, Ogun State
2 ( 1 academic and 1 Non-academic)
2 February12,2013 Adeyemi College of Education
Ondo State
2 ( 1 academic and 1 Non-academic)
2 March,19 2013
3.4.2 Focus group discussion
The sets of questionnaire were complemented with Focus Group Discussion (FGD).
Female workers aged between 19 and 49 years participated in the study. Three sessions were attended by female academic and non –academic staff of the selected tertiary institutions. Each session was made up of between 6-8 female workers.
Table 3.3: Schedule of FGD Sessions Conducted for the Study Tertiary institutions Number of
Participants
No of sessions
Category
University Eight 3 Female academic and non academic staff
Polytechnic Eight 3 Female academic and non academic staff
College of Education Eight 3 Female academic and non academic staff
IDI and FGD sub-themes
The following issues were covered:
1. Perception on reproductive health behaviour and sources of information on reproductive health
2. Views on age at marriage, income and cultural norms and practices affecting reproductive health behaviour
3. Opinions on religious belief, educational attainment and peer influence on reproductive
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4. Mass media messages influencing reproductive health behaviour; types of the mass media
5. Reproductive health behaviour 6. Knowledge on reproductive health
7. Barriers to reproductive health behaviour and knowledge