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CHAPTER FIVE EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS

5.2 Presentation of the Results

5.2.1 Extent of IIT between ECOWAS and EU

5.2.1.2 Intermediate Products

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EU in the plastic and articles industry. The intermediate IIT in the industry increased from 0.2464 in 2001 to 0.4767 in 2011. Wood and article of wood is another sector in which Cote d‘Ivoire record IIT in intermediate products with the EU. Nine intermediate products in this sector have IIT; they are non-coniferous, plywood consisting solely of sheets, casks, barrels, vats, tubs, and tableware and kitchenware. The intermediate IIT between Cote d‘Ivoire and EU in this industry increased from 0.1822 in 2001 to 0.3515 in 2011.

IIT exists between Cote d‘Ivoire and EU in intermediate Textile and Textile articles products. The value of was 0.3348 in 2001 and has declined to 0.2019 in 2011. Some of the product in which Cote d‘Ivoire has IIT with EU in this sector are cotton not carded, bleached, dyed, article of yarn, textile wicks and other textile materials. In article of stone, plaster and cement sector, intra-industry exist in intermediate products between Cote d‘Ivoire and EU in two products which are roses, grafted and articles containing magnesite. The IIT in this sector ranged between 0.1366 and 0.4757 between 2001 and 2011. Lastly, IIT also occurred between Cote d‘Ivoire and EU in based metals and article of based metal sector. The major product in this sector is scrap of alloyed steel. IIT in this sector increased from 0.1934 and 0.3050.

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Table 5.7 Cote d’Ivoire’s Intra Industry Trade in Intermediate Products

Harmonized System Code List 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Animals; Animal Products Non Non Non Non non Non Non Non Non non non

Vegetable Products 0.2424 0.2414 0.3464 0.4605 0.5463 0.5528 0.6045 0.4932 0.5182 0.6057 0.5265 Animal or Vegetable Fats 0.1475 0.1245 0.3976 0.4128 0.4486 0.4817 0.4493 0.2372 0.2714 0.1678 0.1709 Prepared Foodstuffs; Beverages 0.1330 0.1236 0.1224 0.2266 0.2668 0.1643 0.1736 0.1362 0.2926 0.2106 0.1770 Mineral Products 0.1621 0.2362 0.1501 0.2623 0.4847 0.3162 0.2319 0.4749 0.2029 0.1500 0.1364 Products of the Chemicals 0.1788 0.1668 0.3582 0.2181 0.1974 0.1363 0.1734 0.2715 0.1020 0.1610 0.2915 Plastics and Articles thereof 0.2464 0.3899 0.2325 0.2532 0.3352 0.2327 0.4357 0.3179 0.2424 0.3414 0.4767

Raw Hides and Skins, Leather Non Non Non Non non Non Non Non Non non non

Wood and Articles of Wood 0.1725 0.1802 0.1706 0.3277 0.2149 0.1418 0.1609 0.3495 0.4916 0.4114 0.3134 Pulp of wood and Fibrous 0.1822 0.3345 0.3074 0.3540 0.3186 0.5039 0.4474 0.4998 0.6434 0.4851 0.3515 Textile and Textile Articles 0.3348 0.2383 0.2612 0.3123 0.2275 0.1392 0.3512 0.4719 0.2889 0.3541 0.2196

Footwear, Headgear, Umbrellas Non Non Non Non non Non Non Non Non non non

Articles of Stone, Plaster, Cement 0.1366 0.1475 0.1405 0.2318 0.0733 0.1785 0.4757 0.1315 0.4887 0.2969 0.2019 Natural or Cultured Pearls, Precious Stones Non Non Non Non non Non Non Non Non non non Base Metals and Articles of Base Metal 0.1910 0.2201 0.2208 0.2901 0.4285 0.3383 0.2797 0.3376 0.3819 0.2616 0.4900 INTERNEDIATE PRODUCTS 0.1418 0.1602 0.1805 0.2233 0.2361 0.2124 0.2522 0.2481 0.2616 0.2297 0.2237

Source: Author’s computation: underlying annual data from World Integrated Trade Indicators (WITS)

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(ii) Ghana’s IIT in Intermediate Products

Based on the calculated unadjusted Grubel Lloyd, intermediate IIT between Ghana and EU was very low between 2001 and 2011. Although intermediate IIT between Ghana and EU increased from 0.0638 in 2001 to 0.2553 in 2004, it however declined to 0.2251 in 2011. Out of the 15 sectors considered, trade between Ghana and EU were purely inter-industry in raw hides and skins leather, footwear headgear as well as umbrellas, and natural precious stones. The sector that has the highest IIT in Ghana‘s trade with EU in intermediate product is mineral products. The IIT in the sector increased from 0.0948 in 2001 to 0.4949 in 2011. Five different products have IIT in the sector, they includes petroleum oils, granules, chippings and powder, clays, Sandstone and Granules, chippings and powder.

Although IIT between Ghana and EU in intermediate products of animals and animals products was low in 2001 and 2002, it however increased from 0.0001 in 2002 to 0.6375 in 2011. Five intermediate products in the sector are in IIT. These products are Natural sponges of animal origin, Flours, meals and pellets of fish, parts of horses, fresh or chilled carcasses and other live animals. Ghana IIT with EU in intermediate product of vegetable products sector occurred in about eighteen products. IIT in this sector ranged between 0.1398 and 0.2785 between of 2001 and 2011. Some of the intermediate products in which Ghana has IIT with EU are coconuts, coffee not roasted, cherries, wheat or meslin flour, maize flour groats and meal of cereals and others.

IIT in animals and vegetable facts sector between Ghana and EU increased from 0.1371 in 2001 to 0.5159 in 2011 by however declined to 0.3104 in 2011. Five intermediate products of this sector are involved in IIT. They includes: palm kernel, babassu oil, coconut (copra) oil, and coconut fraction. There are twelve intermediate products of foodstuffs and beverages sector in which Ghana IIT with EU. They includes shrimps and prawns, cocoa beans, whole or broken, cocoa butter, fat and oil, ethyl alcohol and other spirits, tapioca and substitutes, cocoa powder, raw sugar, fish, whole or in pieces, and undenatured ethyl alcohol. Products chemicals or allied is another sector in which Ghana has IIT with EU in intermediate products. There are about 13 products in this

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sector that have IIT. Some of the products in these sectors are vaccines for human medicine, gold compounds, nitrogen, antisera and other blood fractions, ammonium nitrate, saturated chlorinated derivatives blood-grouping reagents and others. IIT index in this sector increased from 0.0887 in 2001 to 0.3486 in 2011. Ghana‘s IIT with EU in the intermediate products of plastics and rubber sector are in about thirteen products. And the index of IIT in the sector ranges between 0.0881 and 0.2110 in between 2001 and 2011. Some of the products in this sector include carboys, bottles, flasks, natural rubber latex, natural rubber, compounded with carbon black, sacks and bags, of polymers of ethylene, as well as tubes, pipes and hoses.

There are about 13 intermediate products in which Ghana has IIT with EU in wood and wood products sector. The products include coniferous, plywood consisting solely of sheets, wood charcoal,of tropical wood specified in subhe, plywood consisting solely of sheets, plywood consisting solely of sheets and non-coniferous. The value of IIT index in this sector increased from 0.0887 in 2001 to 0.2110 in 2011. The value of IIT index in pulp of wood or fibriods sector remained low through the period of 2001 and 2011. It remained less than 0.1000 in the period. Four products are involved in IIT in this sector.

They includes paper and paperboard, printed paper, binders (other than book covers), as well as cartons, boxes and cases.

The IIT in intermediate products between Ghana and EU in textile and textile articles remained low between 2001 and 2011. Although it increased from 0.0950 in 2001 to 0.4674 in 2009 it however declined to 0.2405 in 2011. There are about eight intermediate products in the sector that have IIT. The products are of man-made textile materials, cotton, not carded or combed, of jute or of other textile, Fabrics of noil silk and bleached.

In the articles of Stone plaster and cement sector, Ghana has IIT with EU in about ten intermediate products. They include brake linings and pads, glass cubes and other glass, glass beads, imitation pearls and porcelain. The index of IIT in this sector ranged between 0.0645 and 0.3979 between 2001 and 2011.

Lastly, in the sector base metals and articles, Ghana has IIT in about 20 intermediate products. The products include casing, tubing and drill pipe, interchangeable tools, Tools for drilling, iron or steel, steel core, Lead waste and scrap. others are tools for pressing, stamping, casing of a kind used in drilling, aluminium

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