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2.2 MANAGERIAL KNOWLEDGE, MOTIVATION AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE

2.2.2 MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL PRODUCTION

Management concerned with the organization and coordination of the activities of a business in order to achieve defined objectives. Management is often included as a factor of production a long with? Machines, materials, and money. according to the management guru Peter Drucker (1909 – 20050, the basic task of management includes both marketing and innovation. Practice of modern management originates from the 16th century study of low efficiency and failures of certain enterprises, conducted by the English statement sir Thomas more (1478 – 1535). Management consists of the interlocking functions of creating corporate policy and organizing,

planning, controlling, and directing an organisation’s resources in order to achieve the objectives of that policy. Peter Drucker (1909 – 20050,

- The directors and management who have the power and responsibility to make decisions and oversee an enterprise. The size of management can range from one person in a small organization to hundred or thousands of managers in companies.

- According to Henri Fayol “To manage is to forecast and to plan, to organize, to command, to coordinate and to control”.

- Fredmund Malik defines it as “the transformation of resources in to Utility”.

- Management included as one of the factors of production a long with machines, materials and money,.

- Peter Drucke (1909 – 2005) saw the basis task of a management as twofold: marketing and innovation. Nervertheless, innovation is also linked to marketing (product innovation is also linked to marketing issue). Peter Drucker (1909) identifies marketing as a key essence for business success, but management and marketing are generally understood as two different branches of business administration knowledge.

- Management as a discipline, management comprises the interlocking functions of formulating corporate policy and organizing, planning, controlling, and directing a firm’s resources to achieve a policy’s objectives.

NATURE OF MANAGERIAL WORK

In profitable organization, management’s function is the satisfaction of a range of stake holders.

This typically involves making a profit (for the stake holders), creating value products at a reasonable cost (for customers), and providing great employment opportunities for employees. In non profit what organization or management, add the importance of keeping the faith of donors. In most models of management and governance, shareholders vote for the board of directors and the board then hires senior management. Some organization have experimented with other methods (such as employee-voting models) of selecting or reviewing managers, but this is rare. In the public sector of countries constitute as representative democracies, voters elect politicians to public office. Such politicians hire many managers and administrators, and in some countries like the unite states political appointees lose their jobs on the election of a new

ROLE & IMPORTANCE OF MANAGEMENT IMPORTANCE OF MANAGEMENT

Managers influence all the phases of modern organizations. Sale managers maintain a sales force that markets goods. Personal manager provide organization with a competent and productive workforce. Plan managers run manufacturing operations that produce the clothes we wear, the food we eat, and the automobiles we drive.

Our society could never exist as we know it today nor improve without a steady stream of managers to guide its organizations. The well known management author Peter Drucker (1909) highlighted this point when he said that effective management is probably the main resources of developed countires and the most needed resource of developing ones.

In short, all societies, whether developed or developing, need a huge lot of good managers.

THE ROLE OF MANAGEMENT

Essentially, the role of manager is to guide the organization toward goal accomplishment. All organization exist for certain purposes or goals, and managers are responsible for combining and using organistational resources to ensure that their organizations achieve their purposes.

The role of the management is to move an organization towards its purposes or goals by assigning activities that organization members perform.

If management ensures that all the activities are designed effectively, the production of each individual worker will contribute to the attainment of the organizational goals.

Management strives to encourage individual activity that will lead to reaching organizational goasl and to discourage individual activity that will hinder the accomplishment of the organization objectives.

There is no idea more important than managing the fulfillment of the organizational goals and objective. The meaning of the management is given by its goals and objectives.

All managers, must have a single minded focus and fulfillment of the organizational goals.

WHAT IS THE ROLE OF MANAGEMENT IN AN ORGANISATION?

The manager is an important member of an organization. The managers will normally be responsible to the board of the company and all tasks place upon the manager will be their responsibility. The tasks will be delegated to the staff below the manager. The manager will then review the progress of the staff and present the finished work to their superiors. (Iris Phillips)

The manager will also be in charge of resources and the amount of money and time required to complete specific tasks. Tannembaum and Schmidt stated that there are a number of different management sytels they suggested that the styles of leadership is dependent upon the circumstances that prevail. An autocratic manager will make decision across the board and will not consider the view point of the employees, meaning that the employees will have to produce exactly what is asked of them in a specific timescale. A paternatilistic manager is also one who is most interests will also be addressed. Both of these have styles a disadvantages, that being the employees becoming dependant upon the leader of tasks. A democratic manager is a manager who will allow the employee to have a say in the decision making process this is thought to improve quality of work and job satisfaction. Laissez-fire managers will leave the employees to make their own decision and while this style could be successful in a creative business it is generally thought that this is a poor style of management.

MBWA (management by walking around) is the final style of management.

That is exactly what this style involves. The manager will see first hand how well the employee are doing and become aware of any problems quicker than managers with other styles.