This study was carried out with a well structured questionnaire designed in line with the research questions. Sample random samplings were used to select 120 persons from the 540 Airtel mobile communication staffs, according to their qualifications and gender.
Also, 40 junior staffs, 50 senior staffs and 30 Airtel customers were selected using systematic sampling techniques according to their ranks and levels; but out of the 120 questionnaires distributed, a total number of 110 copies were returned while 10 copies were not, due to delay of the respondents. Therefore, the researcher has a total number of 110 sample size for the study.
3.4 Research Design
A research design is a major plan which will form basic guide for the collection of data and analysis. Therefore, the researcher adopted a survey research method, the researchers study is designed to be currently descriptive in value.
The descriptive aspects reinforce the behaviour patterns of the staffs and customers of Airtel mobile communication by using table to analysis the frequencies and percentages scores.
3.5 Method of Data Analysis
The statistical mean scores were used to analyze the five (5) likert questionnaires while the frequency count and simple percentage were used to analyze respondent characteristics for easy interpretation and expression.
Therefore, the five (5) likert formula is stated below:-Strongly Agree = 5.0 – 4.5
Agreed = 4.4 – 3.5
Undecided = 3.4 – 2.5
Disagreed = 2.4 – 1.5
Strongly Disagreed = 1.4 – 0.5 Formula for calculating mean = X =
∑
fxN
Where N = population size X = means
∑f = summation frequency
.:
40+50+30
5 =
=120
120 5 = 24.0
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS Introduction
This chapter contains detailed presentation of result findings and discussion for this study. All the data collected through the questionnaire are fully analyzed and discussed in an attempt to provide answers to the three (3) research questions.
A total number of 120 questionnaires were distributed to the management and staff of Airtel communication. The total 120 copies of the questionnaire distributed, were not returned, but 110 copies of the questionnaires were returned, while a total number of 10 copies were not returned.
Table 4.1 Respondent Demography Panel A: Respondent Sex
Variable Frequency Percentage (%)
Male 60 54.5
Female 50 45.5
Total 110 100
Source: Field Survey, 2016
From table 4.1 above, displays the demography variables of respondents. To this end panel A shows respondents sex, the analysis indicated that 54.5% out of the 110 respondents are male while 54.5% of the respondents are female.
Table 4.2: Respondent Education Qualification
Variable Frequency Percentage (%)
FSLC 18 16.4
O’ level 24 21.8
NCE/ND 32 29.1
HND/Bsc 16 14.5
Msc/PhD 20 18.2
Total 110 100
Source: Field Survey, 2016
Table 4.2 displays respondents educational qualification the analysis shows that 16.4% of the respondents have FSLC, 21.8% have O’ level 29.16 of the respondent have NCE/ND, 14.5% have HND/Bsc while a total number of 18.2%
have Msc/ PhD respectively
Research Question 1:
How does corporate governance effect the performance of Airtel?
Note: SA = Strongly Agreed, A = Agreed, U = Undecided D = Decided SD = Strongly Undecided.
Table 4.3: Internal Mechanism of Corporate Governance Monitors Top Management and also Protests the Interest of Shareholders?
Respondent Frequency Percentage %
Strongly Agreed 20 18.2
Agreed 30 27.3
Undecided 10 9.1
Decided 10 9.1
Strongly undecided 40 36.3
Total 110 100
Source: Field Survey, 2016
Table 4.3 displays the analysis of data on the effect of corporate governance on the performance of Airtel. To this end, 18.2% of the respondents strongly Agreed, that internal mechanism of corporate governance monitors top management and also protects the interest of shareholders, 27.3% Agreed, 9.1% undecided, and another 9.1% decided while 36.3% strongly undecided. This shows that respondents strongly agreed that internal mechanism of corporate governance monitor to management and also protect the interest of Airtel exploitation.
Table 4.4: Board of Director serves as Bridge between Owner and Manager in Corporate Governance?
Respondent Frequency Percentage %
SA 35 31.8
A 25 22.7
U 20 18.2
D 20 18.2
SD 10 9.1
Total 110 100
Source: Field Survey, 2016
Table 4.4 above shows that board of director serves as bridge between owner and manager in corporate governance, 31.8% strongly agreed, 22.7% Agreed, 18.2%
Undecided, decided 18.2, while 9.1 strongly undecided, this implies that the
respondents strongly agreed that monitor by board of director is an internal corporate governance mechanism.
Table 4.5: Monitors by an Independent Third Party (external auditors)?
Respondent Frequency Percentage %
Strongly Agreed 50 45.5
Agreed 35 31.8
Undecided 25 22.7
Decided -
-Strongly undecided -
-Total 110 100
Source: Field Survey, 2016
Table 4.5 above displays the analysis on the internal and external corporate governance control mechanism in place Airtel, 45.5% strongly agreed, 31.8%
Agreed, 22 .7% Undecided this implies that the respondents strongly agreed that monitor by board of director is an internal corporate governance mechanism.
Table 4.6: External Mechanism of Corporate Governance Monitors and Controls Manager Activities by Means of external Regulation?
Respondent Frequency Percentage %
Strongly Agreed 50 45.5
Agreed 30 27.2
Undecided 10 9.1
Decided 10 9.1
Strongly undecided 10 9.1
Total 110 100
Source: Field Survey, 2016
Table 4.6 above shows the analysis of data on the external mechanism of corporate governance monitors and controls manager activities by means of external regulation 45.5% of the respondent strongly agreed, 27.2% Agreed, 9.1% of the respondents undecided, another 9.1% Decided while 9.1% strongly undecided.
This implies that the respondents strongly Agreed that external mechanism of corporate governance.
Research Question Two (2)
What are the internal and Internal and External Corporate Governance Control Mechanism in Place Airtel?
Table 4.7: Monitor by board of Director?
Respondent Frequency Percentage %
Strongly Agreed 45 40.9
Agreed 35 31.8
Undecided 15 13.6
Decided 10 9.1
Strongly undecided 5 4.1
Total 110 100
Source: Field Survey, 2016
From table 4.7 above, 40.9% strongly Agreed that monitor by board of director is an internal corporate governance mechanism. 31.8% Agreed, 13.6% Undecided, 9.1% Decided while 46% of the respondent strongly undecided.
Table 4.8 Monitor by Control Procedure and Internal Auditor?
Respondent Frequency Percentage %
Strongly Agreed 60 54.6
Agreed 20 18.1
Undecided 20 18.1
Decided 5 4.6
Strongly undecided 5 4.6
Total 110 100
Source: Field Survey, 2016
From table 4.8 above shows that 54.6% of the respondent strongly Agreed that monitor by control procedure and internal auditor are part of Airtel corporate governance control mechanism, 18.1% Agreed, another 18.1% undecided 4.6%
decided and also another set of respondent 4.6% strongly undecided that monitor by control procedure and internal auditor are part of Airtel corporate governance control.
Table 4.9: Balance of Power or Separation of Power
Respondent Frequency Percentage %
Strongly Agreed 45 40.9
Agreed 35 31.8
Undecided 10 9.1
Decided 10 13.6
Strongly undecided 15 4.6
Total 110 100
Source: Field Survey, 2016.
Table 4. 9 above shows the respondent frequent of 45 responses making 40.9%
strongly Agreed, 31.8% agreed, 9.1% undecided 9.1% of the respondents 13.6%
decided while 4.6% strongly undecided that balance of power or separation of power is a corporate governance control mechanism.
Table 4.10: Performance Base Remuneration
Respondent Frequency Percentage %
Strongly Agreed 50 45.5
Agreed 35 31.8
Undecided 25 22.7
Decided -
-Strongly undecided -
-Total 110 100
Source: Field Survey, 2016.
From table 4.10 above, 45.5% of the respondents strongly agreed that performance base is remuneration is a corporate governance control mechanism put in place Airtel 31. 8% agreed, 22.7% of the respondents undecided that performance base remuneration is a corporate governance control mechanism put in place Airtel.
Research Question Three (3)
What are the systematic problems militating against corporate governance in Airtel?
Table 4. 11 Poor Supply of Information to Shareholders?
Respondent Frequency Percentage %
Strongly Agreed 60 54.6
Agreed 30 27.2
Undecided -
-Decided 10 9.1
Strongly undecided 10 9.1
Total 110 100
Source: Field Survey, 2016.
From table 4.11 above displays the systemic problems militating against corporate governance in Airtel 54.6% of the respondents strongly agreed, 27.2% of the respondent agreed, 9.1% of the respondent decided while another 9.1% of the respondent strongly undecided that poor supply of information to shareholders is ended a problem militating against corporate governance in Airtel.
Table 4.12: Monitoring Cost?
Respondent Frequency Percentage %
Strongly Agreed 40 36.4
Agreed 35 31.8
Undecided 10 9.1
Decided 15 13.6
Strongly undecided 10 9.1
Total 110 100
Source: Field Survey, 2016.
From table 4.12 above displays the respondents responses that 36.4% at the respondents strongly agreed that monitoring cost is a systemic problems militating against corporate governance in Airtel, 31.4% agreed, 9.1% undecided, 13. 6%
decided while 9.1 % o the respondent strongly undecided that monitoring cost are systemic problems militating against corporate governance in Airtel.
Table 4.13:Inadequate Supply of Accounting Information to shareholder?
Respondent Frequency Percentage %
Strongly Agreed 70 63.6
Agreed 40 36.4
Undecided -
-Decided -
-Strongly undecided -
-Total 110 100
Source: Field Survey, 2016.
Table 4.13 shows that 63.6% of the respondents strongly agreed that inadequate supply of accounting information to shareholders are systemic problems militating against corporate governance in Airtel, 36.4% of the accounting information to shareholders are systematic problems militating against corporate governance.
Table 4.14 Imperfection of financial reporting?
Respondent Frequency Percentage %
Strongly Agreed 50 45.5
Agreed 35 31.8
Undecided 10 9.1
Decided 15 13.6
Strongly undecided -
-Total 110 100
Source: Field Survey, 2016.
From table 4.14 above displays that 45.5% of the respondents strongly Agreed that imperfection of financial reporting is a problem militating against corporate governance in Airtel, 31.8% of the respondents Agreed, 9.1% of the respondent undecided, 13.6% of the respondents decided while no respondent strongly undecided that imperfection of financial reporting were systematic problem militating against corporate governance in Airtel.
Discussion of Findings
The finding indicates that internal and external mechanism of corporate governance regulate the performance of Airtel by monitoring the activities of top management as well as protecting shareholders against exploitation the board of director serves as a bridge between owners and the management of Airtel.
Furthermore, the corporate governance control mechanism in place in Airtel constitute of internal control mechanism such as the internal control procedures as well as internal auditing and monitor by board of director. Airtel is also controlled by external control mechanism such as monitor by independent third party such as external auditor. Balance of power is also a mechanism of corporate governance used in Airtel.
The systematic problems militating against corporate governance and analyzed and obtain from the field are the constraints arising from high monitoring cost, inadequate supply of accounting information to shareholders.
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION