3.4 Background Information about Dwellings in the Local Government Councils in Residential Density Areas in Lagos, Nigeria Residential Density Areas in Lagos, Nigeria
3.4.1 Structure and Characteristics of Households and Housing in High Residential Density Areas Density Areas
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Table 3.7: Percentage of Households’ Ownership by Tenure Status Cross-classified by Residential Housing Choice
Source: Computed from Lagos Housing Survey,(2006) Note: D.O.- Dwelling Owned by; HH-Household
3.4 Background Information about Dwellings in the Local Government Councils in
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For instance, more than 80% of houses in all the local government councils have corrugated iron roofs except in Lagos Island Local Government where corrugated iron sheets accounted for about 70.3% of the roofs with concrete, and asbestos roofs claiming a substantial proportion of the remaining percentage. In fact, houses in Shomolu Local Government are almost roofed entirely with corrugated iron sheets with about 91.9%, whereas Alimosho and the Mushin Local Government Councils have 83.9% of the buildings with corrugated iron sheets. The usage of mud bricks is negligible as depicted in Table 3.8 in all the local governments except Mushin Local Government where 2.8% of the buildings are roofed with mud bricks. The most commonly used roofing materials are corrugated iron sheets, asbestos and cement.
Table 3.8: Distribution of Households by the Type of Roofing Materials used in the Local Government Councils in High Residential Density Areas
Local Government Councils
Mud/Mud Bricks
Corrugated Iron Sheets
Cement/
Concrete
Roofing Tiles
Asbestos Other Total
Agege 7(1.8%) 309(81.5%) 9(2.4%) 8(2.1%) 45(11.9%) 1(0.3%) 379(100%) Ajeromi 0(0%) 382(83.4%) 35(7.6%) 2(0.4%) 39(8.5%) 0(0%) 458(100%) Alimosho 3(0.8%) 317(83.9%) 8(2.1%) 1(0.3%) 47(12.4%) 2(0.5%) 378(100%) Lagos Island 0(0%) 168(70.3%) 44(18.4%) 9(3.8%) 18(7.5%) 0(0%) 239(100%) Mushin 12(2.8%) 359(83.9%) 3(0.7%) 3(0.7%) 51(11.9%) 0(0%) 428(100%) Shomolu 1(0.3%) 308(91.9%) 3(0.9%) 1(0.3%) 22(6.6%) 0(0%) 335(100%) Total 23(1.0%) 1843(83.1%) 102(4.6%) 24(1.1%) 222(10.1%) 3(0.1%) 2217(100%) Source: Computed from Lagos Household Survey, 2006
The walling materials used on dwellings in the Local Government Councils (LGCs) within the high residential density areas include cement, which constitutes over 90%. For instance, majority of houses in Agege, Ajeromi, Alimosho, Lagos Island, Mushin and Shomolu have cemented walls with percentages being 94.7%, 98.0%, 98.4%, 99.2%, 97.0% and 99.4%
respectively. The use of other alternatives walling material like wood/bamboo, corrugated iron sheets and mud bricks are negligible as can be observed from Table 3.8. Some pockets of usages of ‗‘traditional‘‘ wall materials like mud bricks are still found in Agege and Mushin LGCs with 4.2% and 2.6% respectively while traces of wood/bamboo are also observed in Agege, Ajeromi and Lagos Island LGCs with 0.3%, 1.7% and 0.8% respectively.
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Table 3.9: Distribution of Households by the Type of Wall Materials Used in the Local Government Councils in High Residential Density Areas
Local
Government Councils
Mud/Mud Bricks
Cement/
Concrete
Wood/Bamboo Corrugated Iron Sheets
Total
Agege 16(4.2%) 359(94.7%) 1(0.3%) 3(0.8%) 379(100%)
Ajeromi 0(0%%) 449(98.0%) 8(1.7%) 1(0.2%) 458(100%)
Alimosho 5(1.3%) 372(98.4%) 1(0.3%) 0(0%) 378(100%)
Lagos Island 0(0%) 237(99.2%) 2(0.8%) 0(0%) 239(100%)
Mushin 11(2.6%) 415(97.0%) 0(0%) 2(0.5%) 428(100%)
Shomolu 0(0%) 333(99.4%) 0(0%) 2(0.6%) 335(100%)
Total 32(1.4%) 2165(97.7%) 12(0.5%) 8(0.4%) 2217(100%) Source: Computed from Lagos Household Survey, 2006
Just like walling materials, houses within the LGCs in high residential density areas are floored with cement. Ajeromi and Shomolu LGCs are entirely floored with cement as reflected by 100% percentage figure in Table 3.9. Wooden floors are out-fashioned and almost non-existent in the Lagos residential market. This is further confirmed by the percentages which read zeros for virtually all the LGCs except Agege with an insignificant percentage of 1.1%. The use of earth/mud is still found fashionable in some LGCs like Agege, Alimosho and Mushin but is at negligible rates.
Table 3.10: Distribution of Households by the Type of Floor Materials used in the Local Government Councils in High Residential Density Areas
Local
Government Councils
Earth/Mud Wood/Tile Concrete Other Total
Agege 11(2.9%) 4(1.1%) 364(96.0%) 0(0%) 379(100%)
Ajeromi 0(0%) 0(0%) 458(100%) 0(0%) 458(100%)
Alimosho 11(2.9%) 0(0%) 367(97.1%) 0(0%) 378(100%)
Lagos Island 0(0%) 0(0%) 238(99.6%) 1(0.4%) 239(100%)
Mushin 11(2.6%) 0(0%) 417(97.4%) 0(0%) 428(100%)
Shomolu 0(0%) 0(0%) 335(100%) 0(0%) 335(100%)
Total 33(1.5%) 4(0.2%) 2179(98.3%) 1(0%) 2217(100%) Source: Computed from Lagos Household Survey, 2006
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It can be inferred from the foregoing that Lagos residential market has metamorphosised into modern ones when compared with housing markets in some other states of the federation eg like Kano, Ibadan, Ogun etc as the use of ‗‘modern‘‘ housing materials are common and prevalent.
The common tenure status arrangement which has been identified in Lagos residential market ranges from owner-occupiers, normal rent, subsidised rent and free rent. The most prevalent of them all is that of rental (normal) houses which claims over 50% in all the LGCs except in Alimosho with 49.7% (Table 3.10). This simply depicts that owner-occupier are not many in Lagos State. The local government that has the highest number of owner-occupiers in high residential density area of Lagos State is Alimosho with about 13.0%, closely followed by Agege with 10.8%, and the least is Ajeromi-Ifelodun LGCs with 3.7%. The incidence of subsidised housing rents is also common as the proportion claimed is quite substantial in virtually all the LGCs. The rate of subsidised rents is highest in Alimosho which has about 43.7%, and free rent syndrome is also very prominent in Lagos Island LGC.
This is not unexpected given the number of ‗son of Landowners‘ in the area. Associated with Table 3.10 is Table.3.11 which presents the distribution of households by type of occupancy.
From the table, the occupancy status ranges from household head, spouse, household head and spouse to members of household. In fact, most of the houses are rented and are mostly provided by private sectors like estate agents and housing developers. However, for the owner-occupier houses, they are mainly owned by the household heads with 5.1% but highest came from Alimosho and Agege local governments with 8.7% and 7.4% respectively.
Ajeromi still has the smallest number of dwellings owned by household head thus corroborating the earlier assertion of being the LGC with the least owner-occupier houses.
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Table 3.11: Distribution of Households by Tenure Status in the Local Government Councils in High Residential Density Areas
Local
Government Councils
Owner-Occupier
Normal Rent
Subsidised Rent
Free Rent Total
Agege 41(10.8%) 207(54.6%) 124(32.7%) 7(1.8%) 379(100%)
Ajeromi 17(3.7%) 257(56.1%) 182(39.7%) 2(0.4%) 458(100%) Alimosho 49(13.0%) 188(49.7%) 131(43.7%) 10(2.6%) 378(100%) Lagos Island 16(6.7%) 138(57.7%) 71(29.7%) 14(5.9%) 239(100%)
Mushin 24(5.6%) 240(56.1%) 162(37.9%) 2(0.5%) 428(100%)
Shomolu 19(5.7%) 182(54.3%) 123(36.7%) 11(3.3%) 335(100%) Total 166(7.5%) 1212(54.7%) 793(35.8%) 46(2.1%) 2217(100%) Source: Computed from Lagos Household Survey, 2006
Table 3.12: Distribution of Households by Type of Occupancy Status in the Local Government Councils in High Residential Density Areas
Local Govern ment Councils
Dwelling Owned by Head
Dwelling Owned by Head and Spouse
Dwelling Owned by Spouse
Dwelling Owned by another Member of Househol d
Household rents the dwelling at market rents
Household rent the dwelling and pays nominal or Subsidised Rent.
Uses without paying rent
Total
Agege 28(7.4%) 3(0.8%) 1(0.3%) 10(2.6%) 207(54.7%) 123(32.5%) 7(1.8%) 379(100%) Ajeromi 12(2.6%) 1(0.2%) 0(0%) 4(0.9%) 257(56.1%) 182(39.7%) 2(0.4%) 458(100%) Alimosh
o
33(8.7%) 8(2.1%) 1(0.3%) 8(2.1%) 188(49.7%) 130(34.4%) 10(2.6%) 378(100%)
Lagos Island
11(4.6%) 1(0.4%) 0(0%) 4(1.7%) 138(57.7%) 71(29.7%) 14(5.9%) 239(100%)
Mushin 17(4.0%) 3(0.7%) 2(0.5%) 4(0.9%) 240(56.1%) 160(37.4%) 2(0.5%) 428(100%) Shomolu 12(3.6%) 0(0%) 2(0.6%) 7(2.1%) 182(54.3%) 121(36.1%) 11(3.3%) 335(100%) Total 113(5.1%) 16(0.7%) 6(0.3%) 37(1.7%) 1212(54.7%
)
787(35.5%) 46(2.1%) 2217(100%)
Source: Computed from Lagos Household Survey, 2006
Apart from tenurial status description, the prevalent housing type in high residential density areas are multi-household houses, and these vary from one local government to another (Table 3.13). For instance, virtually all houses in Shomolu Local Government are
multi-42
household in nature as suggested by 97.0% of buildings that fall into this category. Next, inorder of percentage scores is Lagos Island Local Government with about 74.9%. Ajeromi and Alimosho present a different picture from other LGCs within the high density area. A room in the main building is prevalent in these two LGCs and perecentage of prevalence of this category varies from 51.7% in Ajeromi to 61.4% in Alimosho LGCs. It is also interesting to note that single-household houses are not so common among the LGCs.
However, Agege still has the highest of about 5.0%, Alimosho ,2.4%; Lagos Island and Ajeromi with 0.8% and 0.2% respectively. Of the LGCs, Mushin Local Government has the highest number of flats with 11.9% and the least number of same is found in Shomolu with just a negligible percent of 0.3%. Squatters‘ settlers are common in both Ajeromi and Alimosho Local Government areas and recorded 4.6% and 6.6% respectively.
Table 3.13: Distribution of Households by Housing Types in the Local Government Councils in High Residential Density Areas
Local Government Councils
Single- Household House
Multi- Household house
Flats in a block of flats
Duplex Room In the main Dwelling
Squatters’
Settlement
Other Total
Agege 19(5.0%) 171(45.1%) 26(6.9%) 12(3.2%) 151(39.8%) 0(0%) 0(0%) 379(100%) Ajeromi 1(0.2%) 177(38.6%) 9(2.0%) 1(0.2%) 237(51.7%) 21(4.6%) 12(2.6%) 458(100%) Alimosho 9(2.4%) 59(15.6%) 25(6.6%) 9(2.4%) 232(61.4%) 25(6.6%) 19(5.0%) 378(100%) Lagos Island 2(0.8%) 179(74.9%) 21(8.8%) 4(1.7%) 28(11.7%) 0(0%) 5(2.1%) 239(100%) Mushin 0(0%) 297(69.4%) 51(11.9%) 2(0.5%) 61(14.3%) 0(0%) 17(4.0%) 428(100%)
Shomolu 0(0%) 325(97.0%) 1(0.3%) 0(0%) 9(2.7%) 0(0%) 0(0%) 335(100%)
Total 31
(1.4%)
1208 (54.5%)
133 (6.0%)
28 (1.3%)
718 (32.4%)
46 (2.1%)
53 (2.4%)
2217 (100%)
Source: Computed from Lagos Household Survey, 2006
In terms of available facilities with respect to both water source and method of solid waste disposal, a very interesting picture emanates (Table 3.14). The source of water differs markedly from one LGC to another. For instance, Lagos Island has the cleanest and purest form of drinkable and usable water, comparatively, out of all LGCs in high residential density areas as both pipe borne and public tap water account substantially for over 60% of the water supply. Supply of water through boreholes also accounts for as much as 20%. In Alimosho Local Government, water from borehole contributes largely and remains a large supplier of
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water to the residents as it accounts for 75.7% of water supply. The same can be said of Mushin Local Government where borehole contributes roughly 75% of the water supply. The picture which emanates from Ajeromi is quite different, as water from wells is the major water supply source. The activities of small scale vendors of water supply are also prominent across all the LGCs as shown in Table 3.13. The supply of water from tanker trucks in some LGCs is significant as it accounts for as much as 2.4% and 3.8% in both Ajeromi and Lagos Island respectively. The effect of water supply from rain is insignificant as it is almost zero in all the LGCs.
Table 3.14: Distribution of Households by Source of Water in the Local Government Councils in High Residential Density Areas
Local Governm ent Councils
Piped Borne Water
Public Tap
Borehole Well Rain Water
Small Scale Vendor
Tanker Truck
Other Total
Agege 13(3.4%) 19(5.0%) 272(71.8%) 26(6.9%) 0(0%) 47(12.4
%)
0(0%) 2(0.5%) 379(100%) Ajeromi 21(4.6%) 62(13.5%) 122(26.6%) 193(42.1
%)
1(0.2%) 39(8.5%) 11(2.4%) 9(2.0%) 458(100%) Alimosho 13(3.4%) 10(2.6%) 286(75.7%) 14(3.7%) 0(0%) 54(14.3
%)
0(0%) 1(0.3%) 378(100%) Lagos
Island
93(38.9
%)
61(25.5%) 47(19.7%) 6(2.5%) 0(0%) 20(8.4%) 9(3.8%) 3(1.3%) 239(100%) Mushin 25(5.8) 18(4.2%) 322(75.2%) 14(3.3%) 0(0%) 48(11.2
%)
1(0.2%) 0(0%) 428(100%) Shomolu 14(4.2%) 55(16.4%) 203(60.6%) 28(8.4%) 0(0%) 31(9.3%) 0(0%) 4(1.2%) 335(100%) Total 179
(8.1%)
225 (10.1%)
1252 (56.5%)
281 (12.7%)
1 (0%)
239 (10.8%)
21 (0.9%)
19 (0.9%)
2217 (100%)
Source: Computed from Lagos Household Survey, 2006
The major method of solid waste disposal across the various LGCs in high residential density areas are private sector participation (hereafter PSP) and private refuse collectors (Table 3.15) but varies from one LGC to another with some using more of PSP and less of private refuse collectors and vice versa. For instance, in Mushin and Shomolu LGCs, PSP remains the main method of solid waste disposal ranging from 87.4% to 90.1% as against all other solid waste disposal methods. Whereas in Alimosho and Agege, truck pushers accounted for as much as 69.0% and 58.6% and PSP took substantial proportion of the remaining percentage. Another illegal and dangerous to health method of disposing wastes is dumping of refuses in unauthorised places, This method is commonly found in Ajeromi LGC with 8.1% while traces of these unhealthy habits are found also in Alimosho and Lagos Island with 2.6% and 2.1% respectively.
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Table 3.15: Distribution of Households by Method of Disposal of Solid Waste in the Local Government Councils in High Residential Density Areas
Local Government Councils
Collected by the government house to house (PSP)
Unauthorized
Heap-Dumping ground in neighbourhood
Truck pusher/priva te
Refuse Collector
Disposal within compound Neighbourhoo d
Bin/tank
Governm ent Bin
Other Total
Agege 154(40.6%) 0(0%) 222(58.6%) 0(0%) 3(0.8%) 0(0%) 379(100%)
Ajeromi 202(44.1%) 37(8.1%) 210(45.9%) 3(0.7%) 6(1.3%) 0(0%) 458(100%)
Alimosho 107(28.3%) 10(2.6%) 261(69.0%) 0(0%) 0(0%) 0(0%) 378(100%)
Lagos Island 125(52.3%) 5(2.1%) 104(43.5%) 0(0%) 5(2.1%) 0(0%) 239(100%)
Mushin 374(87.4%) 0(0%) 49(11.4%) 2(0.5%) 2(0.5%) 1(0.2%) 428(100%)
Shomolu 302(90.1%) 0(0%) 33(9.9%) 0(0%) 0(0%) 0(0%) 335(100%)
Total 1264
(57.0%)
52 (2.3%)
879 (39.6%)
5 (0.2%)
16 (0.7%)
1 (0%)
2217 (100%)
Source: Computed from Lagos Household Survey, 2006
Having discussed the structure and characteristics of housing market in high residential density areas, it will be important to dwell on the characteristics of the individual households‘
participants in such market. It is clear from Table 3.16 that a large chunk of households in high residential density areas are secondary school certificate holders as percentage figures are quite substantial. For instance, 47% of the respondents are secondary school leavers. Well over one-quarter of households in Lagos Island LGC have one tertiary certificate or another.
The distribution of primary school leavers is substantial as well, with over 15% in this category except in Lagos Island LGC where their numbers are few. People with vocational and technical education can be found across the LGCs as depicted in the Table. Agege and Alimosho have the highest number of people without any form of education; this has implication on the choice making of an individual when taking a residential housing decision.
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Table 3.16: Distribution of Households by Educational Status in the Local Government Councils in High Residential Density Areas
Local Government Councils
None Primary Secondary Tertiary Vocational /Technical
Other Total
Agege 46(12.1%) 71(18.7%) 167(44.1%) 67(17.7%) 27(7.1%) 1(0.3%) 379(100%) Ajeromi 35(7.6%) 77(16.8%) 236(51.5%) 86(18.8%) 23(5.0%) 1(0.2%) 458(100%) Alimosho 38(10.1%) 78(20.6%) 179(47.4%) 62(16.4%) 17(4.5%) 4(1.1%) 378(100%) Lagos Island 10(4.2%) 29(12.1%) 103(43.1%) 80(33.5%) 17(7.1%) 0(0%) 239(100%) Mushin 32(7.5%) 69(16.1%) 187(43.7%) 119(27.8%) 21(4.9%) 0(0%) 428(100%) Shomolu 22(6.6%) 51(15.2%) 169(50.4%) 64(19.1%) 27(8.1%) 2(0.6%) 335(100%)
Total 183
(8.3%)
375 (16.9%)
1041 (47.0%)
478 (21.6%)
132 (6.0%)
8 (0.4%)
2217 (100%)
Source: Computed from Lagos Household Survey, 2006
Interestingly, majority of these people are found in self-employed jobs as presented on Table 3.17. The increasing number of households gets preoccupied through self-employment which forms the basis of large informal sector that characterises the country‘s labour market.
Despite this, the proportion of public salaried workers also varies across board in Lagos State.
The sampled respondents that are into public-salaried occupation are well over one-third compared to other types of occupation. The private-salaried jobs also made some contributory impact but not as much as what is obtainable in the public sector. This simply goes to show that government is still the largest employer of labour in the country. The number of unemployed people appears substantial in all the LGCs, most especially in Shomolu, Mushin and Agege local government councils.
Table 3.17: Distribution of Households by Occupational Status in the Local Government Councils in High Residential Density Areas
Local Government Councils
Unemployed Public Private Self-employed
Student/
Apprentice
Other Total
Agege 18(4.7%) 95(25.1%) 29(7.7%) 229(60.4%) 7(1.8%) 1(0.3%) 379(100%) Ajeromi 17(3.7%) 131(28.6%) 27(5.9%) 273(59.6%) 5(1.1%) 5(1.1%) 458(100%) Alimosho 15(4.0%) 103(27.2%) 20(5.3%) 225(59.5%) 7(1.9%) 8(2.1%) 378(100%) Lagos Island 9(3.8%) 89(37.2%) 15(6.3%) 121(50.6%) 4(1.7%) 1(0.4%) 239(100%) Mushin 21(4.9%) 115(26.9%) 26(6.1%) 257(60.0%) 8(1.9%) 1(0.2%) 428(100%) Shomolu 18(5.4%) 99(29.6%) 20(6.0%) 185(55.2%) 10(3.0%) 3(0.9%) 335(100%) Total 98(4.4%) 632(28.5%) 137(6.2%) 1290(58.2%) 41(1.8%) 19(0.9%) 2217(100%)
Source: Computed from Lagos Household Survey, 2006
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The average monthly income earned by the various respondents‘ household in all the LGCs are in the neighbourhood of N10,001 to N20,000 which is not unexpected as majority are secondary school certificate holders. The highest percentage came from Shomolu with 40.1%
of respondents in this category whereas LGCs like Agege, Ajerome, Alimosho and Mushin share similar percentages. Those that earn over N50,000 were from Lagos Island LGCs with about 19.2% while the least earner of monthly income of N10,000 came from Agege and Alimosho with over one-quarter (26.2% and 25.1% respectively) of the respondents in this cadre. It is therefore reasonable and logical to assume and infer that the rationale behind the prevalence of multi-households across the LGCs is attributable most times to poor income earned. The presence of this imposes a constraint on the choice making decision of an individual concerning their housing choices. It is intuitively right to state here that individual is not expected to spend what he/she does not have but if he/she has to, it will be done at a cost.
Table 3.18: Distribution of Households by Monthly Income in the Local Government Councils in High Residential Density Areas
Local Government Councils
Up to N10,000
N10,001- N20,000
N20,001- N30,000
N30,001- N40,000
N40,001- N50,000
N50,000 above
Total
Agege 86(26.2%) 124(37.8%) 58(17.7%) 21(6.4%) 21(6.4%) 18(5.5%) 328(100%) Ajeromi 86(19.8%) 162(37.3%) 81(18.7%) 47(10.8%) 28(6.5%) 30(6.9%) 434(100%) Alimosho 71(25.1%) 107(37.8%) 59(20.8%) 23(8.1%) 15(5.3%) 8(2.8%) 283(100%) Lagos Island 42(19.7%) 34(16.0%) 45(21.1%) 27(12.7%) 24(11.3%) 41(19.2%) 213(100%) Mushin 81(21.0%) 139(36.1%) 73(19.0%) 37(9.6%) 24(6.2%) 31(8.1%) 385(100%) Shomolu 51(17.5%) 117(40.1%) 76(26.0%) 23(7.9%) 17(5.8%) 8(2.7%) 292(100%) Total 417(21.6%) 683(35.3%) 392(20.3%) 178(9.2%) 129(6.7%) 136(7.0%) 1935(100%)
Source: Computed from Lagos Household Survey, 2006
The size and distribution of the households across the LGCs which mainly lies between five and eight people depict the nature of the residential area in question. The category of household size (5-6) constitutes the largest proportion in all the LGCs (Table 3.19).. For instance, in Agege, 36.9%; Ajeromi,46.9%; Alimosho,42.9%; Lagos Island,40.2%;
Mushin,40.2% and Shomolu,42.1%. The household size category (7-8) also claims substantial proportion in all the LGCs but is highest in Lagos Island LGC with about 26.8%.
This condition of overcrowding poses health hazards to the living habits of the residents in these LGCs. The situation is even worse in Alimosho, Shomolu, Agege and Lagos Island
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LGCs having household size category (9-10) which are 3.4%, 2.7%, 2.4% and 2.1%
respectively. It is also observed that household size category of over ten ranges from 0.7%
to 1.1% are recorded in the following LGCs including Alimosho, Agege and Lagos Island and Ajeromi.
Table 3.19: Distribution of Households by Household Size Category in the Local Government Councils in High Residential Density Areas
Local Government Councils
1-2 3-4 5-6 7-8 9-10 10 and
Above
Total
Agege 58(15.3%) 124(32.7%) 140(36.9%) 45(11.9%) 9(2.4%) 3(0.8%) 379(100%) Ajeromi 59(12.9%) 88(19.2%) 215(46.9%) 86(18.8%) 7(1.5%) 3(0.7%) 458(100%) Alimosho 38(10.1%) 90(23.8%) 162(42.9%) 71(18.8%) 13(3.4%) 4(1.1%) 378(100%) Lagos Island 21(8.8%) 51(21.3%) 96(40.2%) 64(26.8%) 5(2.1%) 2(0.8%) 239(100%) Mushin 60(14.0%) 112(26.2%) 172(40.2%) 78(18.2%) 5(1.2%) 1(0.2%) 428(100%) Shomolu 44(13.1%) 82(24.5%) 141(42.1%) 58(17.3%) 9(2.7%) 1(0.3%) 335(100%)
Total 280
(12.6%)
547 (24.7%)
926 (41.8%)
402 (18.1%)
48 (2.2%)
14 (0.6%)
2217 (100%) Source: Computed from Lagos Household Survey, 2006
The bulk of the sample respondents in the high residential neighbourhoods are Yorubas. The ratio of Yoruba to other tribes is suggestive of the fact that yorubas dominate the residential houses in the area. Table 3.20 shows that Yoruba population skewed more in some local governments than others. From the table, Lagos Island is heavily populated by Yoruba tribe than in any other local government. For instance, they constitute over 90% of the entire population, whereas Hausas and Ibos are just about 1.4% and 5.5% respectively. The population of Ibos was quite substantial in almost all the LGCs than the Hausas as depicted by the Table. The proportion of Ibos in Ajeromi-Ifelodun Local Government is substantially large (46%) compared to other LGCs. The Hausa population is quite insignificant as compared to other tribes but reasonably high in Agege local government with about 10.0%.
This implies that the population of Hausas is more in Agege than in any other LGC in high residential density areas.
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Table 3.20: Distribution of Households by Type of Tribe in the Local Government Councils in High Residential Density Areas
Local Government Councils
Yoruba Hausa Ibo Total
Agege 219(68.7%) 32(10.0%) 68(21.3%) 319(100%)
Ajeromi 232(54.0%) 0(0%) 198(46.0%) 430(100%)
Alimosho 264(74.2%) 3(0.8%) 89(25.0%) 356(100%)
Lagos Island 204(93.2%) 3(1.4%) 12(5.5%) 219(100%)
Mushin 338(87.6%) 0(0%) 48(12.4%) 386(100%)
Shomolu 260(84.4%) 3(1.0%) 45(14.6%) 308(100%)
Total 1517(75.2%) 41(2.0%) 460(22.8%) 2018(100%) Source: Computed from Lagos Household Survey, 2006
Another interesting aspect of examining the characteristics of the households in high residential density areas is to illustrate the type of religious affiliations so as to know if religion is a potent factor that could affect the residential choice decision behaviour. Table 3.21 also depicts the dominating presence of christianity over other religions. As earlier pointed out that the Ibo population were substantial in Ajeromi local government, and so also is the pervasiveness of christianity as Ibos are associated with the christian faith. In fact, they constitute about 71.2% while muslim are just about 24.2% with other religion sects taking the remaining percentage. The proportion of muslims is more in Lagos Island than in any of the local government councils in high residential density areas. The proportion of muslims is as low as 24.2% in Ajeromi local government and as high as 41.0% in Lagos Island local government. People who practice other religions are more pronounced in Agege local government with 11.9%, directly followed by Mushin local government with 8.9%. In sum, it is clear from the Table that though christians are more prominent than other religious sects in all the LGCs their prominence is highest in Ajeromi LGC. Lagos Island LGC recorded highest concentration of muslims in the state unlike Ajeromi local government where they few.. By and large, the religious landscape in Lagos is dominated by both christians and muslim.
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Table 3.21: Distribution of Households by Type of Religion in the Local Government Councils in High Residential Density Areas
Local Government Councils
Muslim Christian Other Religion Total
Agege 127(33.5%) 207(54.6%) 45(11.9%) 379(100%)
Ajeromi 111(24.2%) 326(71.2%) 21(4.6%) 458(100%)
Alimosho 119(31.5%) 237(62.7%) 22(5.8%) 378(100%)
Lagos Island 98(41.0%) 127(53.1%) 14(5.9%) 239(100%)
Mushin 145(33.9%) 245(57.2%) 38(8.9%) 428(100%)
Shomolu 92(27.5%) 220(65.7%) 23(6.9%) 335(100%)
Total 692(31.2%) 1362(61.4%) 163(7.4%) 2217(100%)
Source: Computed from Lagos Household Survey, 2006
3.4.2 Structure and characteristics of Households and Housing in Medium Residential