It should be stated that some of the constraints experienced in the course of this study might have some influence on the result of the findings of the study. This study was limited to students in Southwest Nigeria. There is the need to replicate this study at other colleges of education. Another limitation to this study was that informal moral engagement was not an integral part of the school curriculum in our colleges.
The college time table was filled with the different subjects without any space for the students to be involved in informal activities. The novelty and nature of the participatory approach that was adopted required the training and use of various participants. This had serious financial implications Also, the study investigated the effect of only two moderating variables on students knowledge and attitude to moral issues. It is possible that the influence of other variables like academic ability, school location and family background could limit the extent to which this study could be generalised.
5.13 Suggestion for further studies
Based on the findings of the study, the following recommendations were made for further studies.
This study could be for wider generalisation to assist learners to develop informal moral education programme that could be used to learn moral concepts.
Studies should also be carried out on the training and preparedness of teachers on participatory action research. This is to find out the extent to which teachers are able and ready to adopt this approach. Studies on participatory moral education programme could also be carried out. That is, students should be stimulated to develop the content of moral education programme as well as the programme for learning the contents .Studies on participatory moral education programme could be carried out in the non-formal sector. This is to stimulate specific groups in the community to develop participatory moral education programme that could help them acquire moral values and skills. This study could be carried out with emphasis on the effect of other moderator variables like academic ability, school location and family background. Also, participatory action research could be carried out in other fields of study.
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Participatory action is helpful in developing meaningful and useful moral education programme for colleges of education social studies curriculum. Moral education programme promotes interpersonal skills such as, initiating, listening, objective rationality, presenting and others in the learner. Regardless of religion and gender, moral education programme is beneficial to all students. Moral education programme enhances learning and retention of moral concepts in social studies. Participatory approach is more effective in learning moral concepts and issues in social studies than the conventional teaching methods. The participatory approach is also capable of inculcating in students attitude and skills of cooperation, tolerance, respect and team work. Major contribution of this study is that moral values and traits among colleges of education students in social studies can be improved through participatory approach. Moral clubs established by the students helped them identify moral problems and solve moral issues. The study could be used to generalize studies in other disciplines where moral concepts and issues have been integrated.
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FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION (FGD) GUIDES INTRODUCTION
The focus group discussion sessions will start with self- introduction of the moderator and the participant. This will be followed by the selection of a secretary for each group among the members.
Introduction of the objective of the research
The purpose of this research is to increase student understanding of moral concepts and right attitude towards moral issues, their perception about the benefit to student and the society at large.
Setting the ground rules:
The most basic ground rule is that the purpose of the forum is to work toward a shared judgment about the direction in which the group feel the community should move in dealing with the issue
Everyone is encouraged to participate, and therefore no one should dominate.
Listening is as important as speaking.
Participant should speak to one another, not to the moderator.
Participant must consider every option fairly and examine fully all the trade-offs involved in a choice.
Meaning and Objectives of Moral Education 1. What is moral education?
2. Stating the objective of moral education.
To inculcate in the learner factors that promote living together.
To develop in the learner moral values like cooperation, fair play, obedience.
To improve the quality of life of our society.
To be able to govern our behaviour as not to injure ourselves and those around us.
3. To what extent are the objectives of moral education achieved.
4. Identify moral problems in your society Overview of the topic:
The focus group discussions were described: the moderators read out the issues to be discussed and the question to be asked. The moderators stressed that the participants